Modeling and optimization of chemical-treated torrefaction of wheat straw to improve energy density by response surface methodology

نویسندگان

چکیده

Abstract Today, torrefaction is important technique for extending the potential of biomass improvement energy density. The independent variables investigated study were temperature, retention time, acid concentration, and particle size. experiment was designed by central composite design (CCD) method using expert (version 11). three dependent higher heating value (HHV), enhancement factor (EEF), mass yield (MY) carried out. Numerical optimization response surface (RSM) to maximize HHV EEF with lowest MY maximum 25.05MJ/kg, 60.15%wt highest 1.593 obtained at 299.99°C, 31.89min 0.75g/l concentration 0.20mm Proximate analysis, bulk density, hydrophobicity, ultimate analysis raw torrefied determined analyze physiochemical properties fuel. In addition, thermo-gravimetric (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) done distinguish behavior wheat straw. results implied that density well improved when compared biomass. All in all, improved, which can be used as an alternative energy.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery

سال: 2023

ISSN: ['2190-6823', '2190-6815']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04192-y